Key publications, open-source tools, and research directions in TEM automation, 4D-STEM, tomography, and AI-assisted microscopy.

Software is now central to modern transmission electron microscopy. Today’s TEM and STEM workflows depend on automated acquisition, microscope scripting, detector synchronization, tomography reconstruction, 4D-STEM analysis, machine learning, and increasingly autonomous experimental control.

This publication library curates influential papers, software platforms, and research directions that have shaped the software ecosystem for modern electron microscopy.

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4D-STEM Software
10.1093/micmic/ozad067.135
TEM
Live Data Processing of 4D STEM Experiments: LiberTEM Meets ARINA Hybrid-Pixel Detector
Alexander Clausen, Dieter Weber, Elisabeth Mueller, Emiliya Poghosyan, Daniel Stroppa, Rafal Dunin-Burkowski
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2023

This work demonstrates live analysis of 4D-STEM data by integrating LiberTEM with the ARINA detector platform. The approach enables immediate feedback during acquisition, helping researchers evaluate experiments as data is collected.

AI and Autonomous Microscopy Software
10.1038/s41524-023-01142-0
TEM
Machine learning for automated experimentation in scanning transmission electron microscopy
Sergei V. Kalinin, Debangshu Mukherjee, Kevin Roccapriore, Benjamin J. Blaiszik, Ayana Ghosh, Maxim A. Ziatdinov, Anees Al-Najjar, Christina Doty, Sarah Akers, Nageswara S. Rao, Joshua C. Agar, Steven R. Spurgeon
npj Computational Materials
2023

This paper explores how machine learning enables automated experimentation in scanning transmission electron microscopy. The framework supports real-time decision-making, adaptive measurements, and closed-loop microscope operation.

Data Analysis Software
10.1007/978-1-4842-9532-8_8
SEM
Machine Learning with scikit-learn
Fabio Nelli
Python Data Analytics
2023

This chapter introduces machine learning concepts and practical implementations using the scikit-learn library. It provides guidance for building, training, and evaluating predictive models in Python.

Data Analysis Software
10.1109/CSCI62032.2023.00134
SEM
Obfuscated Ransomware Family Classification Using Machine Learning
William Cassel, Nahid Ebrahimi Majd
2023 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)
2023

This paper applies machine-learning methods to classify obfuscated ransomware families. The framework improves cybersecurity analysis by identifying malware variants from complex behavioral patterns.

Data Analysis Software
10.1093/micmic/ozad067.224
SEM
PyEBSDIndex: Indexing Electron Backscattered Diffraction Patterns on the GPU
David J Rowenhorst, Patrick Callahan, Håkon Wiik Ånes
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2023

PyEBSDIndex accelerates electron backscatter diffraction pattern indexing using graphics processing units. The software improves computational efficiency and enables rapid analysis of large EBSD datasets.

4D-STEM Software
10.1093/micmic/ozad067.338
TEM
pyxem: A Scalable Mature Python Package for Analyzing 4-D STEM Data
Carter Francis, Paul M Voyles
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2023

This paper presents Pyxem, a Python toolkit built for processing and interpreting 4D-STEM experiments. The package supports diffraction analysis, structural mapping, visualization, and scalable handling of multidimensional microscopy measurements.

AI and Autonomous Microscopy Software
10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1774
TEM
Quantitative analysis with deep learning segmentation and modeling of 3D electron microscopy data
Kurtis D. Ottman, Cassidy S. Nordmann, Sagar S. Matharu, Rahul R. Akkem, Denzel R. Cruz, Douglas J. Palumbo, Irina D. Pokrovskaya, Brian Storrie, Richard D. Leapman, Maria A. Aronova
Biophysical Journal
2023

This study applies deep learning segmentation and modelling techniques to quantitative analysis of 3D electron microscopy datasets. The workflow improves object identification, measurement accuracy, and biological structure characterization.

Data Analysis Software
10.1371/journal.pone.0285691
TEM
SimpliPyTEM: An open-source Python library and app to simplify transmission electron microscopy and in situ-TEM image analysis
Gabriel Ing, Andrew Stewart, Guiseppe Battaglia, Lorena Ruiz-Perez
PLOS ONE
2023

SimpliPyTEM delivers an accessible library and graphical application for TEM image and video processing. The software automates routine enhancement tasks, enabling faster conversion of raw acquisitions into publication-ready outputs.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.22443/rms.mmc2023.169
TEM
SimpliPyTEM - an open source python package for image analysis of electron microscopy images and in situ videos
Proceedings of the Microscience Microscopy Congress 2023 incorporating EMAG 2023
2023

SimpliPyTEM provides an open-source Python toolkit for analyzing electron microscopy images and in-situ videos. The package streamlines common processing tasks and helps researchers build reproducible workflows.

Data Analysis Software
10.1107/S2053273323083766
X-ray
STXM – scanning transmission X-ray microscopy
B. Wolanin, K. Matlak, A. Mandziak, P. Nita, T. Tyliszczak
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances
2023

This work reviews scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) as a technique for high-resolution chemical and structural imaging. The method enables detailed characterization of materials through X-ray absorption contrast.

Data Analysis Software
10.1093/micmic/ozad067.773
X-ray
Synchrotron X-ray Nano-tomography and Multimodal Analysis on Metal - Molten Salt Interactions
Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2023

The study applies synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography and multimodal analysis to investigate interactions between metals and molten salts. Advanced imaging provides three-dimensional insight into corrosion processes and material evolution.

Tomography Software
10.1093/micmic/ozad067.357
TEM
TomoFlows: Pre-Processing Workflows For Cryo-Electron Tomography
Matthew R Larson, Yan Zhuang, Djay Pallavur Naduvakkat, Jae Yang, Bryan Sibert, Elizabeth R Wright
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2023

TomoFlows introduces preprocessing workflows for cryo-electron tomography datasets. The framework streamlines data preparation steps and promotes consistent handling of large tomography experiments.

Data Analysis Software
10.1038/s41592-023-01878-z
TEM
TomoTwin: generalized 3D localization of macromolecules in cryo-electron tomograms with structural data mining
Gavin Rice, Thorsten Wagner, Markus Stabrin, Oleg Sitsel, Daniel Prumbaum, Stefan Raunser
Nature Methods
2023

TomoTwin applies machine learning and structural data mining to localize macromolecules within cryo-electron tomograms. The approach enables generalized particle identification without extensive manual annotation.

AI and Autonomous Microscopy Software
10.1145/3624062.3626085
TEM
Towards Rapid Autonomous Electron Microscopy with Active Meta-Learning
Gayathri Saranathan, Martin Foltin, Aalap Tripathy, Maxim Ziatdinov, Ann Mary Justine Koomthanam, Suparna Bhattacharya, Ayana Ghosh, Kevin Roccapriore, Sreenivas Rangan Sukumar, Paolo Faraboschi
Proceedings of the SC '23 Workshops of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Network, Storage, and Analysis
2023

The authors combine active learning and meta-learning strategies to accelerate autonomous electron microscopy. The methodology helps instruments identify informative experiments and adapt quickly to new samples.

4D-STEM Software
10.1017/S1431927622002550
TEM
Accuracy, Reproducibility, and Calibration in 4D-STEM
Benjamin H Savitzky, Colin Ophus
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2022

This paper discusses key factors affecting measurement accuracy, reproducibility, and calibration in 4D-STEM. The recommendations support reliable quantitative analysis across diverse experimental settings.

AI and Autonomous Microscopy Software
10.1038/s42256-022-00555-8
TEM
AtomAI framework for deep learning analysis of image and spectroscopy data in electron and scanning probe microscopy
Maxim Ziatdinov, Ayana Ghosh, Chun Yin Wong, Sergei V. Kalinin
Nature Machine Intelligence
2022

AtomAI introduces a deep learning framework for electron and scanning probe microscopy data analysis. The package enables automated feature discovery, segmentation, prediction, and scientific interpretation using modern AI techniques.

4D-STEM Software
10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113513
TEM
AutoDisk: Automated diffraction processing and strain mapping in 4D-STEM
Sihan Wang, Tim B. Eldred, Jacob G. Smith, Wenpei Gao
Ultramicroscopy
2022

AutoDisk introduces an automated workflow for diffraction analysis and strain mapping in 4D-STEM experiments. The software reduces manual intervention while improving consistency and throughput for structural measurements.

Data Analysis Software
10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2022p0206
SEM
Automated TEM Lamella Preparation using Remote CAD to SEM Alignment
Hyun Woo Shim, Taehun Lee, Jonghan Kwon
2022

This work demonstrates automated TEM lamella preparation through remote CAD-to-SEM image alignment. The approach enhances efficiency, accuracy, and scalability in semiconductor failure analysis workflows.

Data Analysis Software
10.1017/S1431927622008212
SEM
Correlative Multimodal Microscopy Using AFM-in-SEM in Material Science
Veronika Hegrova, Radek Dao, Jan Neuman
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2022

The authors explore correlative multimodal microscopy by integrating atomic force microscopy within an SEM environment. The combined technique provides complementary topographical and microstructural information for materials characterization.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.1038/s41598-022-06308-2
TEM
Deep learning detection of nanoparticles and multiple object tracking of their dynamic evolution during in situ ETEM studies
Khuram Faraz, Thomas Grenier, Christophe Ducottet, Thierry Epicier
Scientific Reports
2022

This study applies deep learning and object-tracking methods to monitor nanoparticle evolution in environmental TEM experiments. The approach enables automated analysis of large image datasets generated during dynamic observations.

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