Key publications, open-source tools, and research directions in TEM automation, 4D-STEM, tomography, and AI-assisted microscopy.

Software is now central to modern transmission electron microscopy. Today’s TEM and STEM workflows depend on automated acquisition, microscope scripting, detector synchronization, tomography reconstruction, 4D-STEM analysis, machine learning, and increasingly autonomous experimental control.

This publication library curates influential papers, software platforms, and research directions that have shaped the software ecosystem for modern electron microscopy.

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Data Analysis Software
10.1017/S1431927622000435
TEM
TopoTEM: A Python Package for Quantifying and Visualizing Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Data of Polar Topologies
Eoghan N O'Connell, Kalani Moore, Elora McFall, Michael Hennessy, Eoin Moynihan, Ursel Bangert, Michele Conroy
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2022

TopoTEM introduces a Python package for quantifying and visualizing polar topologies observed in STEM datasets. The toolkit streamlines extraction of structural metrics and supports analysis of complex ferroic domain configurations.

Data Analysis Software
10.1038/s41592-022-01507-1
SEM
TrackMate 7: integrating state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms into tracking pipelines
Dmitry Ershov, Minh-Son Phan, Joanna W. Pylvänäinen, Stéphane U. Rigaud, Laure Le Blanc, Arthur Charles-Orszag, James R. W. Conway, Romain F. Laine, Nathan H. Roy, Daria Bonazzi, Guillaume Duménil, Guillaume Jacquemet, Jean-Yves Tinevez
Nature Methods
2022

TrackMate 7 enhances object tracking workflows by integrating modern segmentation algorithms into a unified framework. The software supports robust analysis of particle, cell, and object dynamics in imaging experiments.

Microscope Automation Software
10.7554/eLife.70506
TEM
A modular platform for automated cryo-FIB workflows
Sven Klumpe, Herman Kh Fung, Sara K Goetz, Ievgeniia Zagoriy, Bernhard Hampoelz, Xiaojie Zhang, Philipp S Erdmann, Janina Baumbach, Christoph W Müller, Martin Beck, Jürgen M Plitzko, Julia Mahamid
eLife
2021

The authors present a modular platform that automates cryo-focused ion beam preparation workflows. The system reduces manual effort and increases throughput for cryo-electron tomography sample preparation.

Data Analysis Software
10.3390/qubs5040028
X-ray
Analysis of Cr(VI) Bioremediation by Citrobacter freundii Using Synchrotron Soft X-ray Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
Amith Anil, Sufal Swaraj, Sankaran Subramanian, Praveen Ramamurthy
Quantum Beam Science
2021

This research uses synchrotron soft X-ray scanning transmission microscopy to investigate chromium bioremediation by Citrobacter freundii. Chemical mapping reveals biosorption and reduction mechanisms involved in contaminant removal.

Data Analysis Software
10.18280/ijsdp.160801
SEM
Antecedents to Leadership: A CB-SEM and PLS-SEM Validation
Hussein-Elhakim Al Issa, Mohammed Khalifa Abdelsalam
International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning
2021

The study investigates factors that influence leadership using both covariance-based SEM and partial least squares SEM approaches. The comparative analysis validates relationships among leadership antecedents and organizational variables.

Simulation Software
10.1016/B978-0-12-818658-9.00008-9
TEM
Computational simulations of 2D materials
Young In Jhon, Young Min Jhon
2D Materials for Nanophotonics
2021

The authors review computational approaches for investigating two-dimensional materials. The discussion covers modeling techniques that predict structural, electronic, and optical behavior at the nanoscale.

Data Analysis Software
10.1017/S1431927621005924
SEM
Customized Automation of Routine EPMA Analyses Using Vendor-Supplied APIs
Daniel Ruscitto, Nathaniel McKeever, Alberto Santamaria-Pang
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2021

This paper describes customized automation strategies for routine electron probe microanalysis using vendor-supplied application programming interfaces. Automation improves efficiency, consistency, and throughput in analytical workflows.

Data Analysis Software
10.1038/s41592-021-01262-9
SEM
DeepImageJ: A user-friendly environment to run deep learning models in ImageJ
Estibaliz Gómez-de-Mariscal, Carlos García-López-de-Haro, Wei Ouyang, Laurène Donati, Emma Lundberg, Michael Unser, Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia, Daniel Sage
Nature Methods
2021

DeepImageJ provides a user-friendly environment for applying deep-learning models within the ImageJ ecosystem. The framework enables researchers to use advanced artificial intelligence methods without extensive coding requirements.

4D-STEM Software
10.1107/S0108767321084518
TEM
Development of reciprocal-space mapping software for single-crystal diffraction
Yoshihisa Ishikawa, Ryoji Kiyanagi, Takashi Ohhara, Akiko Nakao, Koji Munakata, Kentaro Moriyama, Yukio Noda
Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances
2021

The authors develop software for reciprocal-space mapping in single-crystal diffraction experiments. The package improves analysis efficiency and facilitates interpretation of complex diffraction measurements.

Simulation Software
10.1109/eScience51609.2021.00031
TEM
Extreme Scale Survey Simulation with Python Workflows
Antonia Sierra Villarreal, Yadu Babuji, Tom Uram, Daniel S. Katz, Kyle Chard, Katrin Heitmann
2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on eScience (eScience)
2021

This paper presents Python-based workflows for conducting survey simulations at extreme computing scales. The framework coordinates distributed resources and streamlines execution of large scientific campaigns.

Data Analysis Software
10.22443/rms.emc2020.290
SEM
FIB-SEM workflows for aquatic organisms
EMBL Heidelberg, Nicole Schieber
Proceedings of the European Microscopy Congress 2020
2021

The paper describes FIB-SEM workflows tailored for the study of aquatic organisms. The methodology supports high-resolution volumetric imaging and detailed biological structure reconstruction.

AI and Autonomous Microscopy Software
10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.024
TEM
Generative Deep Learning in Digital Pathology Workflows
David Morrison, David Harris-Birtill, Peter D. Caie
The American Journal of Pathology
2021

This article explores applications of generative deep learning within digital pathology workflows. The methods support data augmentation, image synthesis, and computational assistance for diagnostic research.

4D-STEM Software
10.1017/S1431927621003779
TEM
High-Fidelity 4D-STEM Enabled by Live Processing at 15’000 Detector Frames Per Second
Benedikt Haas, Andreas Mittelberger, Chris Meyer, Benjamin Plotkin-Swing, Niklas Dellby, Ondrej Krivanek, Tracy Lovejoy, Christoph Koch
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2021

This work demonstrates live processing capabilities for high-speed 4D-STEM acquisitions at extremely high detector frame rates. The approach enables high-fidelity measurements while providing immediate experimental feedback.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149057
TEM
In situ atomic-scale TEM observation of Ag nanoparticle-mediated coalescence in liquids
Szu-Yu Hou, Chih-Yang Huang, Shin-Bei Tsai, Jui-Yuan Chen, Wen-Wei Wu
Applied Surface Science
2021

This research captures atomic-scale coalescence processes of silver nanoparticles in liquid environments. Real-time imaging sheds light on particle interactions and growth mechanisms in solution.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.1002/adma.202100668
TEM
In Situ TEM Imaging of Solution‐Phase Chemical Reactions Using 2D‐Heterostructure Mixing Cells
Daniel J. Kelly, Nick Clark, Mingwei Zhou, Denis Gebauer, Roman V. Gorbachev, Sarah J. Haigh
Advanced Materials
2021

This study introduces 2D-heterostructure liquid cells for in-situ TEM imaging of solution-phase chemical reactions. The platform enables high-resolution observation of nanoscale reaction pathways and dynamic processes in liquid environments.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.3311/PPme.17496
TEM
In-situ TEM Investigation of Solid Phase Transformations and Reactions
Klára Hajagos-Nagy
Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering
2021

This article reviews the application of in-situ TEM to solid-state phase transformations and chemical reactions. The approach allows researchers to track structural evolution during thermal treatment and processing.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.1017/S143192762100146X
TEM
In-Situ TEM Studies of High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles Under Gas/Liquid Environment
Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
Microscopy and Microanalysis
2021

The study examines high-entropy alloy nanoparticles under gas and liquid environments using in-situ TEM. Real-time imaging reveals structural evolution and stability under changing operating conditions.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.1088/1361-6463/ac1a9d
TEM
In-situ transmission electron microscopy for probing the dynamic processes in materials
Yuchen Zhu, Haofei Zhao, Yang He, Rongming Wang
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
2021

This review examines the use of in-situ transmission electron microscopy to study dynamic processes in materials. By introducing external stimuli during imaging, researchers gain direct insight into atomic-scale structural evolution and material behavior.

In-Situ TEM Software
10.1007/978-3-030-74406-9_19
TEM
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Studying Lithium-Ion Batteries
Chen Gong, Shengda Pu, Alex W. Robertson
Advances in Sustainable Energy
2021

This chapter surveys the use of in-situ transmission electron microscopy for lithium-ion battery research. The methodology reveals structural transformations and degradation pathways during charge and discharge cycles.

4D-STEM Software
10.1002/smll.202100388
TEM
Interferometric 4D‐STEM for Lattice Distortion and Interlayer Spacing Measurements of Bilayer and Trilayer 2D Materials
Michael J. Zachman, Jacob Madsen, Xiang Zhang, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Toma Susi, Miaofang Chi
Small
2021

This study introduces interferometric 4D-STEM for measuring lattice distortions and interlayer spacing in layered 2D materials. The approach captures both in-plane and out-of-plane structural variations with high precision.

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